The Marshall County Board of Supervisors is the governing body of the county. Supervisors are elected from five districts covering the county. They preside over a budget collected from ad valorem taxes on property.

The Board of Supervisors has broad powers granted by the Mississippi Legislature to create favorable conditions for doing business in the county. Under Mississippi law, they can grant tax exemptions and provide financial assistance to develop infrastructure needed by new development or improvement of existing industry.

Holly Springs, Byhalia and Potts Camp are governed by a Board of Aldermen. In Holly Springs, Aldermen represent four wards and one is elected at-large. The Mayor is elected in a city-wide vote. In Potts Camp and Byhalia aldermen are all elected from a city-wide voting.

Boards of Aldermen also are active in providing economic development assistance to prospective industry.

The city governments in Byhalia and Holly Springs have been instrumental in developing industrial parks and providing utilities. Byhalia is providing gas services for Chickasaw Trail Industrial Park.